3 Things That Cause Air Conditioning Compressor Failure

About Air conditioning compressor:

3 Things That Cause Air Conditioning Compressor Failure

The compressor is one of the most important components in a residential air conditioning system. It bears the responsibility of raising the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant flowing back to the outdoor condenser unit from the evaporator in your home. Raising the refrigerant's pressure allows it to more easily release its heat inside of the condenser coil.

A compressor can easily suffer damage or even outright failure as the result of problems in your air conditioning system. Even relatively small issues may have a negative effect on your compressor, causing it to work much harder than it should. This article will outline three potential causes of compressor failure.

1. Low Refrigerant Charge

Refrigerant flows through your air conditioning system in a closed loop. Ideally, once the system has been filled with refrigerant, the system shouldn't need to be changed or replaced for many years. The same refrigerant can effectively turn from a liquid to a gas in an endless cycle of compression and expansion.

Unfortunately, however, the complex nature of an air conditioning system means that refrigerant leaks can occur. Damaged refrigerant lines, worn-out fittings, and a multitude of other issues can lead to refrigerant escaping from your system. The lower the refrigerant level drops, the more your air conditioner will struggle to cool your home.

As a result, the system will have to run for longer periods of time to maintain the desired temperature inside your home. This puts more stress on the compressor, making it more likely to overheat and burn out. The problem only gets worse because one of the refrigerant's secondary purposes involves cooling the compressor motor.

A low refrigerant charge means that the compressor motor won't be receiving the cooling necessary to keep its operating temperatures within a safe limit. Coupled with longer run times, this lack of motor cooling will soon lead to compressor failure. If you have noticed that your air conditioner seems to be struggling to cool your home, contact an HVAC professional to assess whether you may be suffering from a refrigerant leak.

2. Excessive Refrigerant Charge

Although less commonly experienced than low refrigerant charges, an excessive amount of refrigerant in your system can lead to equally devastating results. Overcharging often occurs when a less-than-experienced technician adds more refrigerant to your system. The inexperienced person may not have calculated the proper amount carefully enough — or they may simply have been too careless when adding the refrigerant.

Either way, an overcharged system may end up destroying your compressor through the phenomenon known as liquid slugging. Liquid slugging refers to the penetration of liquid refrigerant into moving parts of the compressor where only gaseous refrigerant was meant to go. Liquid slugging will quickly cause the compressor motor to burn out.

3. Water Contamination

Over time, all air conditioning systems experience some form of refrigerant contamination. Water is one of the most common — and certainly the most destructive — of such contaminants.

Water can create problems at many different places in your air conditioning system, reducing overall efficiency and restricting refrigerant flow in places where it freezes. Water presents especially serious difficulties for the compressor. When water mixes together with lubricating oil, dangerous acids form.

These acids will soon begin attacking the vulnerable metal windings of the compressor's motor. As corrosion quickly proceeds, the motor will soon burn out entirely. Regular servicing allows a technician to identify the presence of contaminants. They may then elect to flush your system in order to eliminate potentially destructive substances.

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